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SQL Joins

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Joins are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on related columns between them. Joins allow you to retrieve data from multiple tables simultaneously, enabling you to create complex queries that fetch data from different sources. There are different types of joins in SQL, including: INNER JOIN Returns only the rows that have matching values in both tables based on the specified join condition. It discards non-matching rows from both tables. Example:           create table t1(x int); insert into t1 values(1); insert into t1 values(1); insert into t1 values(0); create table t2(y int); insert into t2 values(0); insert into t2 values(1); insert into t2 values(1);           select * from t1 inner join t2 on t1.x = t2.y Output: 2. LEFT JOIN (or) LEFT OUTER JOIN Returns all the rows from the left (or first) table and the matching rows from the right (or second) table. If there is no match, NULL values are
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Automate failover in postgres replication using repmgr

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repmgr.conf =========== failover=automatic pg_bindir='/usr/lib/postgresql/9.5/bin' promote_command='repmgr standby promote -f /etc/repmgr/repmgr.conf' follow_command='repmgr standby follow -f /etc/repmgr/repmgr.conf' note pg_bindir property otherwise you will pg_ctl unknown command error postgrsql.conf ============== shared_preload_libraries = 'repmgr_funcs' repmgrd helps to monitor the replication , with -d/--daemonize option you can run this as a deamon process Run the following command in standby server 1 & 2 alone , create a log file as postgres user otherwise you will get permission issue > sudo su - postgres > vi repmgr.log > repmgrd -f /etc/repmgr/repmgr.conf --verbose > repmgr.log 2>&1 repmgr=# select * from repmgr_cluster.repl_nodes order by id;  id |  type   | upstream_node_id | cluster | name  |                   conninfo                   |   slot_name   | priority | active ----+---------+--------
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Postgresql Master Slave Replication Setup using repmgr with EC2 instances

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repmgr is an open source tool which helps to implment & monitor postgres replication and also helps in manageing the switchover and automatic failovers. Here we are going to implement one master and two standby servers streaming replication with repmgr. Master (127.0.0.1) Standby1 (127.0.0.2) Standby2 (127.0.0.3) Install Postgresql in all the 3 instances and enable passwordless connection between the instances using ssh. #Remove all the postgresql leftovers from the system sudo apt-get --purge remove postgresql-* sudo rm -Rf /etc/postgresql /var/lib/postgresql #Install Postgress & repmgr sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib sudo apt-get install postgresql-9.5-repmgr sudo service postgresql stop Edit postgresql.conf and pg_hba.conf files in all the 3 instances with the respective following changes, so that in future standby act as master with minimal changes. > sudo su - postgres > cd /etc/postgresql/9.5/main/ &g
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